Nineteen hours ago, on 29 September, an earthquake with the magnitude of 8.0 occurred near Samoa [map] in the Pacific Ocean. That earthquake created a tsunami that swept through the South Pacific islands of Samoa and American Samoa, flipping cars onto the roofs of homes, tearing down villages and causing widespread destruction and loss of life.
While the size of the earthquake triggered tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee) sirens throughout the island, some people did not hear them, and others who were visitors or who were unable to move to safe ground placed themselves in danger. New Zealand Deputy High Commissioner in Samoa David Dolphin said there had been reports of six- to eight-meter (about 19.5 – 26.5 foot) waves on the southern coast of Samoa. Samoa is located east of the international date line and south of the equator, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand
Reports say the several favorite resorts and coastal villages were washed away by the tsunami along with tourists who were staying in them. The death toll may rise quickly as people who were evacuated to higher ground after the warnings return to lower levels to assess the damage.
Following an underwater earthquake, waves travel outward like ripples in a pond. As the waves approach a shoreline, the water recedes, then rushes ashore, leaving little time for individuals to escape. At greatest risk are those areas less than twenty-five feet above sea level and within a mile of the coast. And, aside from warnings made through NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and local news and radio stations, people often have little notice for a tsunami.
Additionally, a tsunami is not a single wave but a series of waves, also known as a wave train. The first wave in a tsunami is not necessarily the most destructive. Tsunamis are not tidal waves.
Samoans have had experience with earthquakes and tsunamis. This particular earthquake, according to witnesses, moved houses rather than shook them. With a long history of earthquakes and tsunamis and tsunami warnings, a greater proportion of people in this area know to head quickly to higher ground after that earthquake. In cases where the tsunami already has made landfall, other areas may have more time to be on the alert for traveling deadly waves.
For instance, civil defense officials in New Zealand issued an alert for that country’s entire coastline after the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii said a tsunami over nine feet in height was traveling across the Pacific at about 497 mph, but lifted its warning after the sea rose only fifteen inches at East Cape.
Other than the ability to move quickly, the only way you can prepare for a tsunami is to have supplies already at hand and packed in a bag. Since this possibility is rare for most people, the dangers exist after flood waters have receded. Much of the water left behind after a tsunami is filled with debris and the potential for disease may make it unsafe for some time.
In the video above, a newscaster in New Zealand speaks with a man who escaped the tsunami in American Samoa. Listen to him as he describes the “shake” and then watches the water along the beach literally ‘disappear.’ This man did not hear the sirens, but when he saw the water recede, he knew to run to higher ground. In most tsunami cases, seeing the water recede may be the only warning you may receive and running for higher ground may be the only way to save your life.







