Posts Tagged ‘Funeral director’

Educational Statistics for Funeral Services Careers

Monday, February 22nd, 2010

Skull Tombstone

Over the past 40 or 50 years, there have been significant changes in the profiles of both the institutions offering funeral service education and the students studying to become funeral directors/embalmers. Who studies for a funeral service career, and how much can individuals make in this field?

Two generations ago, funeral service education was offered almost exclusively by private institutions and virtually 100 percent of the students were male and, for the most part, sons of funeral home owners. Over 90 percent of the students were Caucasian. Most programs offered a diploma or a certificate that lasted less than a year, some as little as three months.

Today, according to statistics offered by the  American Board of Funeral Service Education (ABFSE), there are approximately 6500 students enrolled in funeral service education. Approximately 2500 are new students. Approximately 90 percent of these students come from the 31 states that currently offer a program.

Today female students make up a majority (57 percent) of enrollees. White students make up approximately 66 percent of the total while African Americans are 23 percent, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian

Americans are up four percent, and eight percent identify themselves as from other ethnic backgrounds.

The average age of the new student has remained relatively constant over the past decade with 17-22 year-olds making up 36 percent of new students and those over 30 making up 30 percent.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wages for funeral directors were $52,210 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $38,980 and $69,680 and the lowest 10 percent earned less than $29,910 and the top 10 percent earned more than $92,940.

Salaries of funeral directors depend on the number of years of experience in funeral service, the number of services performed, the number of facilities operated, the area of the country, and the director’s level of formal education. Funeral directors in large cities usually earn more than their counterparts in small towns and rural areas.

According to BLS, funeral directors held about 22,000 wage-and-salary jobs in 2005, but many others were self-employed. Most of the self-employment positions are in small family-run funeral homes. BLS projects employment of funeral directors is expected to increase by 12 percent during the 2008-18 decade. As more people opt for cremation, some of the services that funeral directors provide, such as embalming, are less needed. Projected job growth reflects growth in the death care services industry overall due to the aging of the population.

Additionally, many funeral directors now offer a wider range of services—such as the creation of video tributes—to help people say goodbye to their loved ones in special ways. And several thousand jobs will be available to replace workers who leave the occupation permanently. Funeral directors are older, on average, than workers in most other occupations and are expected to retire in greater numbers over the coming decade. In addition, some funeral directors leave the profession because of the long and irregular hours. Job prospects may also be better for some mortuary science graduates who can relocate to get a job.

These employment opportunities tend to be best for workers who are willing to relocate or for those in large metropolitan areas. However, according to the American Board of Funeral Service Education, on a national basis there are generally more jobs available than there are licensed funeral directors to fill them. This availability varies from region to region and from town to town. Funeral service is a profession that most people enter only after having had positive personal experience and not as a result of reading books or watching videos.

Funeral Director Fatigue Syndrome

Sunday, January 24th, 2010

Balance work with life.

Are you a funeral director, or do you know one who seems cynical, who is lacking in energy and who seems depressed at times? One of the lessons that I learned as an alcoholism and drug counselor is that the “helpers often need help.” The reason behind this adage is the company that caregivers keep — a funeral home is a business, but that business can cause burnout as well.

What are the signs of this burnout, or funeral director fatigue syndrome? Dr. Alan D. Wolfelt outlines this syndrome in his book, Funeral Home Customer Service A-Z: Creating Exceptional Experiences for Today’s Families. His list of symptoms are based upon psychologist Christina Maslach’s signs of burnout, and he poses the symptoms as a list of questions in a survey:

  • Do you generally feel fatigued and lacking in energy?
  • Are you getting irritable, impatient and angry with people around you (home and/or work)?
  • Do you feel cynical toward and detached from the families you serve?
  • Do you suffer from mroe than your share of physical complaints, such as headaches, stomachaches, backaches and long-lasting cols?
  • Do you generally feel depressed or notice sudden fluctuations in your moods?
  • do you feel busy, yet have a sense that you don’t accomplish much at all?
  • Do you have difficulty concentrating or remembering?
  • Do you think you have to be the one to help all bereaved families that come through your door?
  • Do you feel less of a sense of satisfaction about your helping efforts than you have in the past?
  • Do you feel that you just don’t have anything more to give?

According to Dr. Wolfelt, if you answered “yes” to 2-4 of those questions, you may be in the early phases of funeral director fatigue syndrome. If you answered “yes” to 5-7 questions, you are moving quickly into the direction of total fatique. if you answered “yes” to eight or more questions, you are, without a doubt, burned out!

Unfortunately, Dr. Wolfelt does not provide a solution to this problem. But, you can read more about this issue at Caregiver Burnout, an article at Caregiver.com. Some of their strategies for dealing with burnout include staying fit, consulting with other professionals and pampering yourself on occasion.

The thing to remember is that you may not recognize that you are in the grips of burnout until it’s too late. Be open to what others say to you, especially if you know that person is someone who cares about your and your well being.

Deathcare Careers: Funeral Director

Saturday, January 9th, 2010
Cross and flowers

Cross and flowers

You may already realize that careers in the funeral industry may grow with the aging of the Baby Boomer generation. In fact, there may not be enough qualified funeral personnel to handle the anticipated death rate in the future as funeral home personnel also age and retire. If you’re aiming for the top in the funeral business, a look at what a Funeral Director does, what he or she makes and the training required might be in order.

Job Description

The funeral director generally handles funeral home management, which may or may not include family counseling, insurance-related matters, record keeping as well as some funeral responsibilities such as help with funeral planning and burial management.

Funeral directors often keep long and/or irregular hours, as no one can plan for death. Expect an “on call” position to respond to deaths as they occur, as well as a need to travel to pick up bodies or to travel with a body to an out-of-town burial. The job requires a sensitivity in dealing with family members, good business acumen and an ability to spend long hours on your feet or traveling.

Funeral homes often look for managers and directors with experience and who can wear many hats. The more funeral home experience and training that you have under your belt, the better. If you can pitch in to help with embalming, body preparation for cremation or for open-casket viewing or with sales, the better.

Training

Mortuary science programs provide all the training you may need to operate as a funeral home director. These programs, which often last between two and four years, can provide a firm foundation for your career. The higher the degree, the faster your chances of climbing to the top of your career upon graduation. Most of these programs include courses such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, business management, embalming techniques, grief counseling and funeral service law.

Funeral directors also must be licensed within the state of practice to work. Each state carries individual licensing programs, and some states may require separate licensure for embalmers and for funeral directors. Most licenses require a written exam.

Many states also require that funeral industry personnel take continuing education classes and attend training each year to renew their licenses.

Salaries and Job Availability

Budding funeral directors may discover that the best chance to obtain a job is with larger funeral homes, usually located in urban areas. While you might be tempted to start your own funeral home business, this type of business usually becomes more successful once you have several years of experience behind you. Besides beginning salaries are not shabby.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, funeral directors held about 30,000 jobs in 2008. About 13 percent were self-employed. Nearly all worked in the death care services industry. Median annual wages for funeral directors were $52,210 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $38,980 and $69,680. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $29,910 and the top 10 percent earned more than $92,940.

As with any career, salaries often depend upon the number of years of experience on the job, the number of services performed, the area of the country, education level and a great reputation in previous jobs. Funeral directors in urban areas usually earn more than their counterparts in rural areas, and the ability to embalm provides a higher salary as well.

To learn more about a career as a funeral director, visit the National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) or the American Board of Funeral Service Education.

Funeral Director, Mortician and Undertaker: Any Difference?

Tuesday, September 22nd, 2009
The Undertaker was borrowed from European tradition.

The Undertaker was borrowed from European tradition.

Unless you work for a funeral home, or unless you have an obsession about death and dying practices, you may wonder if there is a difference between a funeral director and a mortician or a mortician and an undertaker. For all intents and purposes today, there is no difference – especially if the funeral home is a small family operation. But, in larger funeral home operations, you might see a slight difference in what each job traditionally entails.

The “Undertaker” is a traditional European term that described the person who would transport the body, prepare it for burial and interact with the survivors on funeral preparations. When the colonies were formed in the New World and burial services were needed, often church and family members would take over the job of the undertaker. During the Civil War, when embalming practices became popular among the growing funeral profession, the title of the person handling the affairs became the “Mortician” over the last decades of the nineteenth century:

“The word ‘mortician’ is a recent innovation due to a need felt by undertakers for a word more in keeping with, and descriptive of, their calling.” ["Literary Digest," Jan. 16, 1915]

A mortician often carried out all the duties of the undertaker as the body was transported and prepared for burial. As the funeral profession grew with the U.S. population over the following century, the term, “Funeral Director” became popular. The funeral director, however, often dealt directly with the family as they developed burial plans. The mortician, on the other hand, handled the body of the deceased and prepared that body for the funeral.

Today, a funeral director may deal with families, take care of the body with an assistant’s help and handle the business as well. Or, the funeral director may operate from an office in another location as managers and morticians work in various funeral homes operated from the home office. But, in most cases, each funeral home has a funeral director who interacts directly with the bereaved family.

So, to answer the question about which term is correct to use today, in most cases, you would use the term, “funeral director” – at least for the person who deals directory with the family.

How to Transport a Body Across State Lines

Thursday, July 16th, 2009

Lincoln's Funeral Train

Lincoln

You may have read about the Oklahoma couple who covered up the death of a daughter and who transported that child’s body across six state lines about six times for a total of 1,900 miles before they were caught. While cases like this occur occasionally, body transportation must exist to return a body to a family or to send the deceased to a burial location outside the place of death, among other legitimate reasons. Can you deliver a body yourself, or do regulations exist to prevent this measure?

Body transport is governed on the state level, and a few states boast independent licensed body transportation such as Virginia and Florida. In other states, such as Vermont, the transporter’s license is tied to a funeral home or crematory. In some cases, you simply need the death certificate and an out-of-state disposition permit from Vital Records or from a funeral director to move a body from one state to another.

In Missouri, for instance, you can move a body by “common carrier” if the death was not caused by a contagious disease and if the destination can be reached within 24 hours. Texas issues a “burial transport permit” for death occuring in the state and honors the same from other locations. The Texas practice is one that is familiar from historical records, where permits were required to move a body from one location to another and to mark its progress. States began to issue these permits about the mid 1800s, around the same time as the Civil War.

But, body transport across state lines actually became easier with rail development. The New York City Department of Health kept a register of bodies in transit from 1859 to 1894 (see Family History Library microfilm 1671686, -87 and -88). Abraham Lincoln was one of those bodies, as his corpse passed through New York on 24 April 1865 from Washington, DC to the former president’s resting place in Springfield, Illinois.

In most cases, especially those where the body is transported by public means (rail, plane, etc.) or when the transport takes longer than 24 hours, the body must be embalmed. Also, when working with funeral homes for transportation, it often is much less expensive to work with the destination funeral home than it is with the funeral home located at the place of death. Many funeral homes may work with Inman Nationwide, a company that serves funeral directors throughout the U.S., Canada, Alaska, Great Britain and the Caribbean.

Inman Nationwide will pick up the body, have it embalmed and drive it to the airport for approximately $1,000 (airfare not included). If you want to save money, however, the best option would be to check with all states that you may need to cross to deliver the body and learn about what each state requires to transport that body. Often, with a body bag and a car, you can perform the service yourself after the body has been embalmed. In most cases, however, you are required to be under the direction of a licensed funeral director.

The complication of delivering a body across state lines is one reason to pre-arrange funeral options. If you know that you want to be buried in a state outside your residential state, then plan ahead and don’t push these plans on your loved ones after you’re gone. Learning how to transport a body legally across state lines is a job that requires more than one day’s worth of investigation.

How to Negotiate with a Funeral Director

Thursday, May 21st, 2009

Few people might be ready to go head-to-head with a funeral director following the death of a loved one. But, if you’re willing to direct some of your pent-up anger over an untimely death, then you can hone in on slicing a funeral price in half or more. If you think you’re not up to this negotiating, then send a trusted family member to help seal a lower price for that loved one’s funeral.

Some things to remember for your negotiations:

  1. Funeral homes are experiencing some rough times right now with the economy and with the trend toward cremations rather than to full burial rites. They’re ready to negotiate.
  2. With that said, if cremation is an option, the law of supply and demand could make that cremation pricey as well. You can use this planning checklist from the Cremation Society to learn whether or not you’re getting a good deal.
  3. Remember that you can call around for price comparisons without leaving the comfort of your home. Funeral homes must provide transparency on their costs. Once you have these numbers, call back to negotiate.
  4. Try to find a place like Simple Funerals in your area. This company uses a funeral director, but bypasses the funeral home. This way you can have many of your needs met without the cost. Not all funeral directors are out to gouge their customers.

A business is a business, and it must make a profit to survive. However, when a family is in grief and if they don’t have the money to pay for a funeral, then sometimes negotiation is a necessary evil. Remember that there usually is more than one funeral home in an area, so price comparisons usually can be made quickly.

On the other hand, you can learn more about how to take care of your funeral now so you don’t place your family in this position when you die. You can make your plans and set aside some money. Or, you can use prepayment options for the funeral of your choice.

The Pros and Cons of Green Funerals

Thursday, March 12th, 2009
Green Funeral or Traditional?

Green Funeral or Traditional?

“When we were back to our origins, we just fell down somewhere and were taken care of by animals, and we were spread around, and then we became soil again, and that was very natural.” ~ Susanne Wiigh-Masak

My brother, who is into an extreme green lifestyle, reminds his family occasionally how he’d like to die. He wants to trip into the great beyond while traipsing in the woods. Then, he wants no one to find him for a good three months or more. He figures that, by that time, the scavengers would have consumed his body and nothing will be left but bones. That, my friends, is the extreme in green death. Primal even.

While green deaths don’t come along too often, you probably have heard about green funerals. Green funerals have not become a common tradition, but enough interest has been generated in this type of burial that some funeral homes provide this option for their customers. Is this option for you?

A green funeral basically avoids all the chemicals and accouterments that belong to traditional funerals. You would avoid embalming, steel coffins, costly vaults and even headstones. Burial is in a biodegradable box or a shroud and no glues, metals or lacquers are used. Fernwood Funeral Home allows customers to mark loved ones’ graves with indigenous rocks, wildflowers, trees and shrubs. Since the graves blend in with the surroundings, each grave is set with a computer chip, archived in a computer system and on paper, and tracked via GPS device if loved ones want to return to pay respects.

Another option for green funerals is cremation, as many people now believe that a burial is a waste of land space. They may ask for their ashes to be scattered or even buried in the back yard. Sometimes, family members inherit their loved ones’ ashes, and those old bones often are forgotten as the family moves on. Sometimes I wonder how many people have left Aunt Sally’s “cremations” in the attic, or have stored them there as they ponder what to do with her.

Outside these petty issues, other larger problems exist that may hamper your desire for a green funeral:

  • Green funerals often are handled by family members, but in five states funeral directors are required to be involved in the funeral by law. Those states are Connecticut, Indiana, Louisiana, Nebraska and New York. This means that the funeral director must be paid and certain traditional burial customs might be enforced.
  • Embalming, or the avoidance of embalming, is an issue in some states. While embalming is not required in most states, some states, like Pennsylvania, require embalming if human remains are held for longer than 24 hours. Also, the body is required to be sealed in a container that will not let odors escape, or be refrigerated.
  • Cremation is an issue as well, especially if you learn that Maine crematories alone release about 20 pounds of mercury into the air each year, mostly from dental fillings that are vaporized. Mercury is a neurotoxin that can get into the food chain, but – at the same time – mercury is something that always stays in the environment, in one form or another.
  • On the other hand, more than 827,000 gallons of embalming fluid – made up mostly of formaldehyde, a suspected carcinogen – and 30-plus-million board feet of nonrenewable wood gets buried each year in the traditional funeral process.
  • Some states may restrict a green burial with a lack of places to bury a body that is not embalmed. Unless you are Jewish or Muslim (individuals who demand no embalming and a quick burial, but usually in graveyards set aside for their customs), you may learn that you don’t have a place to rest. This problem is changing, however. The Green Burial Council also has approved green burial cemeteries in seven states: New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota and Washington.

As you can see, the problems involved with a green burial can be intimidating. At the same time, a trend is emerging, and resources now are available that can help you to overcome hurdles you might face in the green burial process. One place you can visit for support and answers outside the Green Burial Council mentioned above includes Crossings. They can, along with other advocates, help you to avoid scams and to learn about laws that you must abide by as you reach for the green burial of your dreams.

And, don’t worry. The scavengers won’t get you. Even if they did, you wouldn’t know.

How to Reduce Funeral Costs

Wednesday, December 10th, 2008

One way to avoid expensive funerals is to stay alive forever. If you’re human, however, it seems that this option isn’t a reliable one. If you pre-plan your funeral, then, you may learn that funeral costs often fall immediately behind homes and automobiles as the third most expensive item that most American families will make during a lifetime. But, the cost of most funerals are going down in response to the desire for less expensive funerals. In fact, you may not need a funeral home for that funeral.

Funerals often are held from public community centers, a church or a VFW Hall. The ability to hold a funeral someplace other than a funeral home can significantly reduce the average cost of a funeral. But, you may still need to hire a funeral director. Many funeral directors now operate independently in efforts to reduce costs. In some jurisdictions, a licensed funeral director is required for the finalizing of paperwork and to be present at a burial.

The average cost of a traditional funeral currently runs about $7,500. How can you reduce this cost, and how much will you save? Here are a few tips:

  1. Shop around: The cost of a funeral will vary, depending upon where you live. Shop around, especially if you’re pre-panning your funeral, to compare costs. A casket sells for the same price wholesale nationwide, but you may find that same casket costs thousands more in Washington DC than it does in LaGrange, Kentucky. This is your bargaining chip, if you prefer a casket, to reduce the cost by thousands of dollars. You can use Consumer Reports’ benchmark price list as a guide.
  2. Use a local chain funeral home: Ask if the funeral home is independent, part of a local chain, or part of a national chain. Often, the only way you’ll know is to ask. Consumer Reports’ price survey found that local chains generally offered the best value, a choice that often saves hundreds of dollars.
  3. Cremation: The cost of cremation is significantly less than the cost of a traditional burial. You can avoid a casket, and many states allow simple containers for ashes rather than expensive urn models. This option alone could save up to $5,000 or more on that $7,000 funeral. Although this site may offer some slightly biased information (they sell urns), you might find some great ideas on how to cut costs on anything from urns to burial plots (you actually don’t need one if you’re cremated).
  4. Avoid embalming when possible: According to the Federal Trade Commission, funeral homes cannot charge you for embalming if you did not choose a funeral arrangement that required it (such as cremation) or if state law didn’t require it. Knowledge is power – if you don’t want to pay for that expense, be forewarned and check state laws regarding this procedure. You can save hundreds, sometimes thousands of dollars by forgoing embalming and cosmetology (try a closed casket).
  5. Ask for a green funeral: Many funeral homes now offer a ‘green’ funeral option that eliminates embalming, provides a less expensive casket or that offers to scatter ashes. Learn more about your options from this story about a couple seeking a green funeral in Chicago.
  6. Leave out the frills: When you pre-plan your funeral, you can stop Aunt Meg from embarrassing you after death with the release of dozens of doves or hundreds of balloons. The cost of those frills can run into hundreds or thousands of dollars, money best spent elsewhere.
  7. Don’t buy into the ‘package’ plan: According to the Funeral Rule set by the Federal Trade Commission, a funeral provider cannot refuse you service if you only buy one thing from them, and they can’t offer you one item only on the condition that you buy another – so if someone tries to convince you otherwise, they’re in violation of the Funeral Rule. You can save hundreds or thousands of dollars if you pick and choose funeral services from various sources.
  8. Donate your body to science: When you donate your body to medical science, it is the best way to avoid costly funerals. Usually the only costs incurred by this method are transportation costs, usually a couple hundred dollars – and, sometimes the facility you choose to donate to will cover these costs. And in most cases, if specifically requested, cremated remains can be returned to the family once the research has been completed. Some facilities offer money to help defray costs for memorial services, too.